Lead Ore Mining and Export in Nigeria; The Pre-Feasibility Report.

The Nigeria nation is blessed with abundant mineral resources; fossil fuels and solid minerals. The most popular being the fossil fuels since these constitute the nation’s greatest foreign exchange earner.

They have, therefore, tended to over-shadow the solid mineral sector of mining industry.

It is reassuring to note that the government has progressively in recent past years shown great interest in the exploitation of Nigeria’s solid minerals as a means ofdiversifying our economic base, putting in place the national policy on minerals and metals in Nigeria and other such policy documents in order todrive investment in the sector.

Solid minerals are many types occurring in many diverse environments in response to many diverse geology and geologic events.

The resources can nonetheless be discussed under five (5) groups thus:

1. Iron and Iron-alloy metals
2. Non-ferrous Industrial metals
3. Precious metals
4. Metal fuel
5. Industrial minerals

The Non-ferrous industrial metals contain a group of minerals which include copper, lead, zinc, tin and aluminium bearing minerals. All are found inNigeria at varying concentrations and different forms.

It is estimated that Nigeria has over ten million (10,000,000) tons of lead ore deposit and it is an important component in car battery production.

It is estimated that less than two percent (2%) of Nigeria’s Lead Ore deposits are exported yearly. China is the top importer of Lead Ore in the world.

Lead deposits can be found in Bauchi, Benue, Cross River, Ebonyi, Abuja, Nassarawa, Plateau, Gombe, Taraba, Kaduna, Kogi, Akwa Ibom, Imo, Anambra, Bayelsa, Enugu, Niger, Zamfara and a few other states in Nigeria.

Lead is usually found alongside Zinc, Gold, and Silver. Galena, also called lead glance, is the natural mineral form of lead (II) sulfide. It is the most important ore of lead and an important source of silver.

Galena is the main ore of lead, used since ancient times. Because of its somewhat low melting point, it was easy to liberate by smelting. It typically forms in low-temperature sedimentary deposits.

Lead (II) oxide, also called lead monoxide, is the inorganic compound with the molecular formula PbO. PbO occurs in two polymorphs: litharge having a tetragonal crystal structure, and massicot having an orthorhombic crystal structure. Modern applications for PbO are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components. It is an amphoteric oxide.

The global lead ore market continues to pose a strong demand in 2018 as world lead consumption continues to climb.

Lead is a blue-grey colored metal that has many notable advantages such as being corrosion-resistant, dense, ductile, and malleable.

Early uses of lead included building materials, pigments for glazing ceramics, and pipes for transporting water. With the development of technologies and growing demand in both domestic and industrial usages, lead is nowadays one of the most common raw materials for making car batteries, pigments, ammunition, cable sheathing, weights for lifting, weight belts for diving, lead crystal glass, radiation protection and in some solders.

According to a recent report from United States Geological Survey (USGS), the total production of the global lead ore market was about four million, seven hundred thousand (4,700,000) tonnes in 2017, maintaining as the similar output level as 2016.

However, the global lead mine production is set to grow from four million, seven hundred thousand (4,700,000) tonnes (Mt) to around five million (5,000,000) tonnes by 2020, representing a compound annual growth rate of two point one percent (2.1%).

This can be attributed to the various upcoming lead projects located across Mexico, Russia, and Australia.

The biggest driver of demand for lead over the recent years is the global automobile industry — particularly the electronic vehicle industry — as lead is predominantly used in manufacturing lead-acid batteries which are widely manufactured and consumed in automobiles.

This report seeks to examine the financial viability or otherwise of mining lead ore in Nigeria.

The business entails using mechanized method of mining to produce  two thousand (2,000) tons bi-monthly of lead ore rocks of which minimum of one hundred (100) tons of lead ore fifty percent (50%) will be extracted from the rocks after sorting.

Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Business Overview 1.1 Description of the Business 1.2 Incentives / Government Policy 1.3 Obtaining a Mining Permit in Nigeria and Associated fees 1.4 Occurrence and Distribution of the mineral in Nigeria 1.4 Critical Success Factor of the Business 1.5 Description of the Business Industry 1.6 Contribution to Local and National Economy 2. Marketing Plan 2.1 Description of product 2.2 Location 2.3 The Opportunity 2.4 Legal Requirement 2.5 Pricing Strategy 2.6 Target Market 2.7 Distribution and Delivery Strategy 2.8 Promotional Strategy 2.9 Competition 3. Technical Analysis 3.1 Description of the Location 3.2 Raw Materials 3.3 Production Technology / Equipment 3.4 Production Process 3.5 Production Cost 3.6 Stock Control Process 3.7 Pre-Operating activities and expenses 3.7.1 Operating Activities and Expenses 3.8 Project Implementation Schedule 4.0 Organizational and Management Plan 4.1 Ownership of the business 4.2 Profile of the promoters 4.3 Key Management Staff 4.3.1 Strategic Business Units 4.3.2 Management Support Units 4.4 Details of salary schedule 5. Financial Plan 5.1 Financial Assumption 5.2 Start - up Capital Estimation 5.3 Source of Capital 5.4 Security of Loan 5.5 Loan Repayment Plan 5.6 Financial Projections 6.0 Business Risk and Mitigation Factor 6.1 Business Risks 6.2 SWOT Analysis 7.0 Managing contract negotiation and Export Operations

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