Biscuits are among the most versatile and widely consumed snacks in the world. Known for their convenience, long shelf life, and delicious variety, they have become a staple in households globally. In Nigeria, biscuits hold a prominent place in the snack food industry, catering to a diverse demographic that spans children, adults, and the elderly.
A biscuit is a baked product typically made from flour, sugar, and a fat source, such as butter or oil. Depending on the recipe, biscuits can also include additional ingredients like eggs, milk, or flavorings. They range from sweet to savory, offering a wide variety of flavors and textures. Biscuits are often enjoyed as snacks, paired with beverages, or used in desserts.
The origin of biscuits dates back to ancient times when Egyptians and Romans prepared flat, unleavened bread that was baked twice for preservation. The word “biscuit” is derived from the Latin words bis (twice) and coctus (cooked), reflecting this early baking method. During the Middle Ages, biscuits became a common travel food due to their portability and long shelf life. In the 19th century, industrialization revolutionized biscuit production, making them accessible to the masses. Today, biscuits are a global phenomenon, enjoyed in various forms across cultures and regions.
Biscuits are categorized based on their texture, flavor, and ingredients:
Crackers: These are light, crispy, and often salted or flavored with herbs and spices.
Sweet Biscuits: Featuring a sweeter profile, these include cookies, shortbread, and sandwich biscuits.
Savory Biscuits: These biscuits are less sweet and are often flavored with cheese, spices, or other savory elements.
By Flavor
Plain
Chocolate
Cheese
Fruit & Nut
Others
The global biscuit market size was valued at USD 104.32 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow from USD 108.75 billion in 2024 to USD 167.69 billion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.6%.
By Product Type
Crackers
Sweet Biscuits
Savory Biscuits
By Distribution Channel
Hypermarkets/Supermarkets
Specialty Stores
Independent Bakeries
Others
Key trends shaping the global biscuit market include:
Health-Conscious Products: Increasing demand for low-sugar, gluten-free, and high-fiber biscuits.
Premiumization: Growing popularity of artisanal and gourmet biscuits with unique flavors.
Sustainable Packaging: Adoption of eco-friendly and biodegradable packaging materials.
E-commerce Growth: Rising online sales of biscuits, driven by convenience and variety.
Biscuit production in Nigeria began in the mid-20th century, with imported brands dominating the market initially. Local production started to gain traction in the 1960s, as domestic companies established factories to cater to growing demand. Over time, the industry expanded, driven by population growth, urbanization, and the increasing popularity of biscuits as an affordable and convenient snack. Today, Nigeria is home to several biscuit manufacturing companies, including Beloxxi Industries, Niger Biscuit Company, and Deli Foods.
Nigeria is endowed with abundant raw materials for biscuit production, such as:
Wheat Flour: While Nigeria imports a significant portion of its wheat, local production is growing.
Sugar: Nigeria produces sugar locally, although imports are needed to meet demand.
Palm Oil: A locally sourced fat used in many biscuit recipes.
Milk Powder: Often imported, but essential for certain types of biscuits.
Flavorings: Chocolate, vanilla, and fruit flavors are imported or locally processed.
The biscuit industry in Nigeria is robust, driven by a large and youthful population, changing consumer preferences, and the growing influence of Western lifestyles. The market is segmented into premium, mid-tier, and mass-market categories, with local and international brands competing for market share.
While local production meets a substantial portion of the demand, Nigeria still imports premium and specialty biscuits from Europe and Asia. Imports are driven by affluent consumers seeking unique flavors and higher quality products.
Challenges in Nigeria’s Biscuit Industry
High Production Costs: Energy costs, raw material imports, and currency fluctuations increase production expenses.
Competition: Intense rivalry among local and international brands affects pricing and market share.
Regulatory Hurdles: Meeting quality standards and obtaining certifications can be complex and time-consuming.
Infrastructure Deficits: Poor transportation networks hinder the efficient distribution of products.
Despite its challenges, the biscuit industry in Nigeria has significant growth potential:
Population Growth: A rapidly increasing population ensures sustained demand for biscuits.
Rising Middle Class: An expanding middle class boosts demand for premium and mid-tier products.
Export Opportunities: With strategic investments, Nigeria can export biscuits to neighboring countries.
Innovation: Developing new flavors, healthier options, and sustainable packaging can capture emerging market segments.
Government Support: Policies aimed at reducing import dependence and encouraging local production will benefit the industry.
The biscuit production industry in Nigeria is a dynamic and evolving sector with immense potential. From its humble beginnings to its current status as a key player in the snack food market, biscuits have become an integral part of Nigerian life.
By addressing challenges, embracing innovation, and leveraging its abundant resources, Nigeria can not only meet domestic demand but also establish itself as a significant exporter of biscuits in the global market. The journey from dough to delight continues, promising a bright future for the industry.
If you require a bankable feasibility report on biscuit production in Nigeria, please contact us using any of the means below.
Anaekwe Everistus Nnamdi
Founder & Market Research Analyst
Foraminifera Market Research Limited
foraminiferaltd@gmail.com or +2348033782777 (call and whatsapp)
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